BIO 433: Mammalogy

All scientific journal articles follow the same structure, the IMRAD structure. This structure is a tool for communicating your findings within the academic and scientific communities. IMRAD structure requires that your paper follow this order:

Abstract,
Introduction,
Methods,
Results, 
Discussion/conclusion 

 Use the Structure of a Scientific Article from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign as guide to each IMRAD section.

For this paper, you should be following the Journal of Mammology guidelines, a specific variation on IMRAD. From the journal guidelines:

"Manuscripts should include the following sections, written and assembled in this order:  title page, Abstract (no subheading), Introduction (no subheading), Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion (note that Results and Discussion are never combined), Acknowledgments, Supplementary Data (if needed), Literature Cited, Figure Legends, Tables, Appendices (if needed)."

For this class, the citations will take the style of the Journal of Mammology 

From their Author Guidelines:

Literature Cited

All references cited in the text must be listed in the Literature Cited section, including authority citations for scientific names in nomenclatural papers. Works that are not cited must not be listed. References are presented in alphabetical order by all authors, and chronologically for references with identical author lines. List the name of every author or editor, unless there are seven or more, in which case use “Author et al. date”. Capitalize only the first word and proper nouns of the title of a reference and italicize all scientific names in the article titles, even if they were not italicized in the original journal. Write out the full names of all journals.

Below are examples of the citation formats used in the Literature Cited section. Please use these exact formats when preparing your manuscript. 

Journal articles

Rose, R. K., D. A. Pemberton, N. J. Mooney, and M. E. Jones.  2017.  Sarcophilus harrisii (Dasyuromorphia: Dasyuridae).  Mammalian Species 49:1-17.

Smith, J. B., T. W. Grovenburg, K. L. Monteith, and J. A. Jenks.  2015.  Survival of female bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in the Black Hills, South Dakota.  American Midland Naturalist 174:290–301.

Vieira, M. V.  2003.  Seasonal niche dynamics in coexisting rodents of the Brazilian cerrado.  Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 38:7–15.

Web sites 

(cite as “(Author Year)” in the text and include web address only in Literature Cited).

CDFW [California Department of Fish and Wildlife].  2008.  State & federally listed endangered & threatened animals of California.  January 2013.   www.dfg.ca.gov/biogeodata/cnddb/pdfs/TEAnimals.pdf.  Accessed 15 July 2013.

To cite the IUCN assessment of a given species:

Author(s).  Year.  Species name.  In:  IUCN 2020.  The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2019.3. www.iucnredlist.org.  Accessed Day Month 2020.

You can find more examples of citation formats from the Author Guidelines page.